What You will Learn ?

Module 1

Introduction to the subject-Fluid properties (mass density, specific weight, viscosity, specific gravity), Classification of Fluids (prerequisite no questions from this section)
Fluid statics-variation of pressure in a fluid, measurement of fluid pressure using piezometers and manometers, U-tube manometers, Forces on immersed plane placed vertical and inclined positions. Hydrostatic force on curved surfaces – Practical application of total pressure on spillway gates.

Module 2

Buoyancy and Floatation: Buoyant force, Principle of floatation, stability of floating and submerged bodies, metacentre and metacentric height, analytical and experimental determination of metacentric height
Hydrodynamics- Methods of describing fluid motion, Lagrangian and Eulerian methods, velocity and acceleration, types of fluid flow, description of fluid flow- streamline, pathline and streakline; continuity equation in one, two and three dimensions

Module 3

Fluid kinetics-forces considered in describing fluid motion, Derivation of Bernoulli’s equation by integration of Euler’s equation along a streamline, kinetic energy correction factor, Applications of Bernoulli’s equation- Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Orificemeter; Hydraulic coefficients of orifices and their experimental determination, Discharge through small orifice and large rectangular orifices
Pipe flow- computation of major and minor losses in pipes, hydraulic gradient line and total energy line, pipes in series-equivalent pipe, flow through parallel pipes.

Module 4

Open channel flow – comparison between pipe flow and open channel flow, velocity distribution in open channels, types of channels, type of flow, geometric elements of channel section, uniform flow computations (Chezy’s equation, Kutter’s and Manning’s formula); Most economical sections – rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal channels, condition for maximum discharge and maximum velocity through circular channels, conveyance and section factor Flow measurement in channels – notches and weirs – Discharge computations using weirs- velocity of approach and end contraction, discharge equations of rectangular weir, triangular weir, trapezoidal and Cipoletti weir, submerged weir, broad crested weir.

Module 5

Specific energy- specific energy diagram and discharge diagram, Critical flow and its computation. Gradually varied flow- Dynamic equation of gradually varied flow-different forms, types and characteristics of water surface profiles in rectangular prismatic channels. Computation of length of water surface profiles by direct step method Specific force, Rapidly varied flow-Hydraulic jump-conjugate or sequent depths, expression for sequent depths and energy loss for a hydraulic jump in horizontal rectangular channels, types uses and characteristics of hydraulic jump